genes that are transcribed. use oligoribonucleotides as probes. probe noncoding regions of DNA. detect proteins that are translated. 2. Recombinant DNA technology has produced medically useful products. Most of these products are _______ that are normally present in low amounts in animals and are difficult to _______; _______ vectors are used to obtain these products in large amounts. enzymes; purify; expression proteins; purify; expression hormones; detect; plasmid proteins; detect; plasmid proteins; purify; plasmid 3. Recombinant DNA technology is least applicable to which approach? The analysis of traits determined by multiple genes Overexpression of a particular gene Silencing a particular gene Knocking out a particular gene Targeting a protein to the nucleus 4. "Sticky ends" are produced by the action of all restriction enzymes. form very stable associations with complementary DNA. are the result of staggered cuts of DNA by restriction enzymes. must interact with each other in the formation of recombinant DNA. have nonspecific base sequences. 5. Suppose that you wanted to express a protein from eukaryotic cells using recombinant DNA technology. Why might you prefer to use yeast as the host rather than E. coli? Yeasts have most of the characteristics of other eukaryotes. Yeast is a multicellular organism. Yeast has a smaller genome than E. coli. Yeast is a prokaryote. Yeast is easier to cultivate than E. coli. 6. Biotechnology perhaps may be described best as a branch of the science of molecular biology. its own scientific discipline. a collection of approaches to the exploitation of living systems to make useful products. an industry to make products useful to medicine. an industry to make products useful to agriculture. 7. Restriction enzymes cut single-stranded DNA. cut double-stranded DNA at any palindromic sequence. cleave DNA to very small pieces. cleave double-stranded DNA at specific palindromic sequences. have been isolated from just a few species of microorganisms. 8. cDNA libraries are the same as genomic libraries. include DNA from noncoding sequences. require DNA polymerase to be created. require reverse transcriptase to be created. likely contain all protein-coding genes of an organism. 9. During gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments, the fragments migrate toward the negative charge. the fragments are separated based on their charge differences. the fragments are separated on the basis of their sizes. the fragments migrate toward the positive charge because of the positive charge of the nucleic acid base pairs. large fragments migrate more quickly than small fragments. 10. To replicate within the cells of a host, recombinant DNA must either _______ into the host's genome or contain a(n) _______. Otherwise the recombinant DNA would not be replicated, since _______ requires specific sequences to bind to DNA. integrate; origin of replication; DNA polymerase integrate; vector; DNA polymerase recombine; origin of replication; DNA ligase recombine; stop transcription signal; DNA polymerase integrate; stop transcription signal; DNA ligase 11. A plasmid is the bacterial genome. is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that replicates autonomously. is only recombinant. does not code for proteins. is a small, double-stranded RNA molecule. 12. Which statement about bacterial antibiotic resistance genes is false? They are usually present in the bacterial large circular genome. They were used by Cohen and Boyer in their first recombinant DNA experiments. They are convenient selectable markers. They can confer antibiotic resistance to other prokaryotes. They are importance to medicine. 13. Restriction enzymes do not cleave DNA at sequence-specific sites. are not involved in bacterial defense viruses. do not cut the host bacterium's DNA if it is methylated. are not essential tools in molecular biology. increase the chances of bacteriophage infection. 14. The siRNA in RNAi (RNA interference) is single-stranded. not made in vivo. not stable in cells. capable of binding to specific mRNAs after it is processed. not 100 percent complimentary to its target mRNA. 15. In order to amplify a synthetic gene for a protein to be translated in yeast you would need to know the genomic sequence of the host cells. sequence of the resulting mRNA. sequence of appropriate primers for a PCR. sequence of the resulting protein. genomic sequence of the donor cells. 16. The Ti plasmid is derived from E. coli. derived from Drosophila. useful in introducing foreign DNA into yeasts. useful in introducing foreign DNA into plants. of viral origin. 17. A host cell or organism that contains recombinant DNA is referred to as a _______ cell or organism. transfected transformed transgenic chimeric selectable 18. The function of DNA ligase in the generation of recombinant DNA is to cut DNA. replicate DNA. unwind DNA. join DNA fragments by the formation of phosphodiester bonds. join DNA fragments noncovalently. 19. In recombinant DNA technology, _______ may not be used as a selectable marker or reporter gene. lacZ the GFP gene tetr ampr X-gal