b. intracellular fluid c. interstitial fluid d. both a and b above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 415 TOP: Body fluid compartments 2. Extracellular fluid includes: a. plasma and intracellular fluid b. interstitial and intracellular fluids c. plasma and interstitial fluid d. plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 415 TOP: Body fluid compartments 3. The fluid that surrounds the cells is called: a. plasma b. interstitial fluid c. intracellular fluid d. none of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 415 TOP: Body fluid compartments 4. Which of the following statements is correct? a. People with more body fat have more body water. b. Infants have less water per pound than adults. c. Females have less water per pound than men. d. Both a and c above. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page: 413| Page: 414 TOP: Body fluids 5. Which of the following statements is correct? a. People with less body fat have more body water. b. Infants have less water per pound than adults. c. Females have more body water per pound than men. d. All of the above. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page: 413| Page: 414 TOP: Body fluids 6. The chief mechanism for maintaining fluid balance is to: a. adjust fluid intake so it equals fluid output b. adjust fluid intake so it is slightly above fluid output c. adjust fluid output so it equals fluid input d. none of the above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 415 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance 7. Sources of water intake include: a. the liquids we drink b. water from the food we eat c. water from metabolic processes d. all of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 415 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance 8. The organ that has the greatest effect on fluid output is the: a. kidney b. lungs c. skin d. intestine ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 415 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance 9. The hormone that reduces the amount of water in the body is: a. ADH b. aldosterone c. ANH d. both a and b above ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page: 415 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance 10. The hormone that increases the amount of water in the body is: a. ADH b. aldosterone c. ANH d. both a and b above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page: 415 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance 11. When dehydration begins to occur: a. the body reduces fluid output to zero b. the body increases the release of ANH c. the salivary secretions decrease d. all of the above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 417 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance 12. Electrolytes: a. form when glucose is added to water b. dissociate in water solutions c. form ions in water solutions d. both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 417 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids 13. The most abundant positive ion in blood plasma is: a. potassium b. calcium c. sodium d. both potassium and sodium are in equal concentrations ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 417 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids 14. The most abundant negative ion in blood plasma is: a. bicarbonate b. chloride c. hydroxide d. phosphate ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 417 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids 15. Which electrolyte is important in hemoglobin production? a. sodium b. iodine c. iron d. chloride ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 418 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids 16. Which electrolyte is important in the formation of the thyroid hormones? a. sodium b. iodine c. iron d. chloride ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 418 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids 17. In blood plasma: a. the number of positive ions is greater than the number of negative ions b. the number of positive ions is less than the number of negative ions c. the number of positive and negative ions are equal d. there are no electrolytes ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 418 TOP: Table 18-3ÑCommon electrolytes found in blood plasma 18. The most important regulator of the amount of sodium in the body is the: a. kidney b. small intestine c. large intestine d. skin ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 420 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids 19. Aldosterone: a. is released by the pituitary gland b. increases the urine volume c. increases sodium reabsorption d. all of the above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 420 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids 20. Aldosterone: a. increases sodium reabsorption by the kidney b. increases water reabsorption c. increases the water volume in extracellular fluid d. all of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 420 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids 21. An increase in capillary blood pressure would tend to: a. increase interstitial fluid volume b. increase plasma volume c. decrease interstitial fluid volume d. both b and c above ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page: 420 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins 22. A decrease in blood protein concentration would tend to: a. increase interstitial fluid volume b. decrease blood plasma volume c. decrease interstitial fluid volume d. both a and b above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page: 421 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins 23. The main water-holding force in the blood capillaries is: a. capillary blood pressure b. sodium in the blood plasma c. protein in the blood plasma d. chloride in the blood plasma ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 421 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins 24. The main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries is: a. blood pressure b. sodium in the blood plasma c. sodium in the interstitial fluid d. protein in the blood plasma ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 420 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins 25. In dehydration: a. intercellular fluid volume drops first b. plasma volume drops first c. interstitial fluid drops first d. neither interstitial nor intracellular fluid volume are affected ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 421 TOP: Fluid imbalances 26. Dehydration can be caused by: a. prolonged vomiting b. prolonged diarrhea c. too little fluid intake d. all of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 421 TOP: Fluid imbalances 27. Overhydration: a. occurs about as often as dehydration b. can put too heavy a burden on the kidneys c. can be caused by giving intravenous fluids too rapidly d. none of the above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 421 TOP: Fluid imbalances 28. Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid? a. cerebrospinal fluid b. the humors of the eye c. lymph d. all of the above are extracellular fluids ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 415 TOP: Body fluid compartments 29. The largest volume of water in the body is: a. plasma b. the fluid inside the cells c. interstitial fluid d. lymph ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 415 TOP: Body fluid compartments 30. The person with the greatest percentage of body water would be: a. an obese male b. a nonobese male c. a nonobese female d. a newborn ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 413| Page: 414 TOP: Body fluids 31. Under normal circumstances, the kidneys provide the greatest means of water loss. Which organ provides the second greatest? a. skin b. lungs c. intestines d. muscles ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 416 TOP: Table 18-2ÑTypical normal values for each portal of water entry and exit 32. A newborn can have a percentage of body water as high as: a. 80% b. 70% c. 60% d. 90% ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 414 TOP: Body fluids