a. the federal government had the right to charter a national bank, and that state governments had no right to impede its functions through taxation. b. although the federal government could create a national bank, it could not shield the bank's branches from taxation by the governments of the states in which the branches were located. c. state governments had the power and the duty to protect their citizens from onerous federal legislation. d. although a national bank would have been an effective means with which the federal government could regulate the economy, it was not the only means available and therefore did not meet the requirement of the "necessary and proper clause." e. the will of the people, as expressed through the actions of their state governments, must always take precedence over the whims of the more distant national governing officials.