tRNA. With the use of recombinant DNA techniques, a protein-encoding gene (which is normally transcribed by RNA polymerase II) can be connected to a promoter for RNA polymerase I. This hybrid gene is subsequently transcribed by RNA polymerase I and the appropriate pre-mRNA is produced, but this pre-mRNA is not cleaved at the 3' end and a poly(A) tail is not be added. Which of the following provides a plausible explanation of this observation? A. It is likely that RNA polymerase I may transcribe the pre-mRNA, but somehow incorrectly, which leads to the problem of 3' end processing. B. It is likely that the RNA polymerase II plays an important role in stimulating the 3' end cleavage action and polyadenylation. C. It is likely that RNA polymerase I associate with molecules that would interfere with the 3'end processing. D. It is likely that some consensus sequence within the protein-coding region of the pre-mRNA affects the function of RNA polymerase II. E. It is likely that the recombinant DNA techniques can introduce unwanted mutation that prevents the proper 3' end processing on the pre-mRNA. Score: 0 of 1 10. 24. (Problem 16) What do siRNAs, microRNAs, and piRNAs have in common? A. All three serve as ribosomal components. B. All three come from a long single precursor transcript. C. All three regulate gene expression in the cytoplasm. D. All three originated from invading viruses. E. All three originate from transposons. Score: 0 of 1 11. 26. (Problem 17) siRNAs and miRNAs are different in that A. siRNA is only found in animals while miRNA is found in both animals and plants. B. siRNA requires more stringent complimentarity with their target than miRNA for degradation. C. siRNA promotes translation while miRNA inhibits translation of the mRNA transcript. D. miRNA originates from viruses and transposons while siRNA does not. E. miRNA interacts with the RISC complex but siRNA does not. Score: 1 of 1 12. 8. (Problem 6b) All of the processes below take place during 5' capping for eukaryotic pre-mRNA EXCEPT A. dephosphorylation. B. 5' -3' bond formation. C. addition of guanine. D. methylation. E. GTP hydrolysis. Score: 0 of 1 13. 38. (Problem 27) What would be the result of deleting the AAUAAA consensus sequence from a eukaryotic pre-mRNA? A. Transcription would stop before reaching the end of the gene-coding sequence, resulting in a shorter pre-mRNA transcript. B. Translation would stop before reaching gene-coding sequence, resulting in a much shorter amino acid sequence. C. Translation would continue past the end of the gene-coding sequence, resulting in a much longer amino acid sequence. D. The deletion itself will not affect the protein-coding region, but it may affect the polyadenylation at the 3' end, altering the mRNA stability. E. The length of pre-mRNA sequence will not be affected, as the AAUAAA consensus sequence itself is not directly marking the cleavage site. Score: 0 of 1 14. 6. (Problem 5) What is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno consensus sequence? A. Ribosome binding site during prokaryotic protein synthesis B. RNA polymerase binding site during transcription C. DNA polymerase binding site during replication D. Spliceosome binding site during post-transcriptional modification E. Marking the site where the transcription should begin Score: 1 of 1 15. 25. (Problem 17) siRNAs and miRNAs are similar in all of the following EXCEPT that A. they are both able to affect the gene expression and inhibit translation. B. they mediate gene silencing through interacting with the RISC complex. C. they both form double stranded RNA during processing. D. they both originate from viral genes integrated during viral infection. E. they both get cleaved by an endoribonuclease named Dicer. Score: 0 of 1 16. 9. (Problem 6c) What is the function of the 5' cap? A. Facilitates the initiation of transcription B. Facilitates the initiation of translation C. Facilitates the initiation of replication D. Facilitates the termination of transcription E. Facilitates the termination of translation Score: 1 of 1 17. 37. (Problem 26) What would be the most likely effect of moving the AAUAAA consensus sequence within the 3' UTR ten nucleotides upstream? A. It will result in a shorter mRNA transcript. B. It will result in a longer mRNA transcript. C. It will not affect the length of mRNA transcript at all. D. It will result in a shorter protein sequence once translated. E. It will result in a longer protein sequence once translated.