g for a hearing? Senate Judiciary Committee Only a(n) __________ court can review the decisions of a lower court. Correct appellate What is the name given to the power of the courts to interpret, and overturn, the actions of the executive and legislative branches? judicial review According to Figure 9.1, How Is the American Judicial System Structured?, which of the following has no original jurisdiction? U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit According to the doctrine of __________, a court should not overturn precedent unless it is absolutely necessary. stare decisis In which courts are the vast majority of all cases tried? state In which court do cases generally begin? trial When the U.S. Supreme Court agrees to hear a case appealed to it from a circuit court, it is exercising its __________ jurisdiction. appellate A writ of __________ is a request submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court to review a lower court decision. Correct certiorari __________, President Nixon, and President Reagan achieved success in molding the federal judiciary to their own political beliefs. President Roosevelt The U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims is an example of which type of court? legislative In a process known as __________, presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block the nomination. senatorial courtesy Through 2012, only __________ African Americans and four women have served on the Supreme Court. eight According to Figure 9.1, How Is the American Judicial System Structured?, there are currently how many U.S. district courts? 94 According to Marbury v. Madison, which clause implies the power of judicial review? supremacy How and whether judicial decisions are translated into actual policy is known as which of the following? judicial implementation According to Table 9.2, How Does a President Affect the Federal Judiciary?, which of the following presidents had the greatest influence on the composition of the federal judiciary? Clinton In which federal courts are trials conducted? district Courts provide a statement of the legal reasoning behind their decisions in written __________. opinions Which of the following is within the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? controversies between the states Which of the following is the authority vested in a particular court to hear and decide the issues in a particular case? jurisdiction Who heads the entire federal judiciary? the chief justice of the Supreme Court As of 2012, how many African Americans have served on the U.S. Supreme Court? two How many justices currently serve on the Supreme Court? nine Federal judges are appointed to __________ terms. life The main difference between a press briefing and press conference is the level of what? restriction What was one result of nineteenth century muckraking? popular demand for anti-trust regulations Leslie is a white, middle-class mother of two, who works as a librarian in the public library system of a large city in the American West. She is 57 years old. Given her demographic profile and the information presented in Table 10.1 on differences in the political opinions of women and men, which of the following statements about her political opinions would pollsters expect to be true? Leslie believes that American military interventions are usually a bad idea. Which of the following statements best reflects the Framers' attitudes about public opinion? Public opinion is potentially counterproductive and should, therefore, be tempered. Agenda setting affects the executive branch more than it affects the Supreme Court due to __________. media influence Nightly panels of experts and pundits on television network news __________. have as much impact on public opinion as reports from the field What is the term for change in public opinions and voting preferences caused by media coverage? media effects The Telecommunications Act of 1996 sought to __________. balance corporate and consumer interests What is the purpose of a "name recognition survey"? to discover how many people have heard of a potential candidate for office The Gallop organization predicts that Andrew Cuomo, the governor of New York, wins the 2016 presidential election with 61 percent of the popular vote. If Cuomo actually wins by capturing 49 percent of the popular vote, to which factor, more than the others, would you attribute the discrepancy, given what you know about how successful Gallup has been in making presidential predictions? the presence of a prominent third-party candidate George Gallup undoubtedly had a vested interest in fostering reliance on public opinion polls. Why? He was a pollster. Who is considered the founder of modern-day polling? George Gallup Which is an exception to the equal time rule? News stations may exclude third party candidates from debates. "A source at the White House said..." is an example of an attribution based on information obtained __________. on background. The media is also known as the __________. fourth estate