. A. Irregular bones include the vertebrae and hip bones. B. Sesamoid bones form within certain tendons. C. The sternum is an example of a flat bone. D. Long bones include all limb bones except the patella. D. Long bones include all limb bones except the patella. Which of the following is stored in bones? A. calcitonin B. phosphate C. iodine D. glycogen E. vitamin C B. phosphate Which description of bone cells is INCORRECT? A. Osteoblasts secrete collagen and calcium-binding proteins. B. Osteogenic cells can differentiate into osteoclasts. C. Osteoclasts secrete digestive enzymes and hydrogen ions. D. Bone lining cells on the internal surfaces of bone are also called endosteal cells. B. Osteogenic cells can differentiate into osteoclasts. The notable hardness of bone is attributed to ________. A. the presence of inorganic hydroxyapatites B. the presence of glycoproteins C. the presence of proteoglycans D. the presence of cartilage E. the presence of collagen fibers A. the presence of inorganic hydroxyapatites The illustrated bone-forming process would be associated with which of the following bones? A. humerus B. All of the listed responses are correct. C. femur D. parietal E. vertebrae D. parietal What indicates that a long bone has reached its adult length? A. the presence of hyaline cartilage on the ends of the bone B. closure of the epiphyseal plate C. the presence of osteoblasts D. the presence of osteons B. closure of the epiphyseal plate The structure indicated by the arrow is composed primarily of what material? A. compact bone B. dense connective tissue C. hyaline cartilage D. fibrocartilage C. hyaline cartilage The correct order (from start to finish) of fracture repair is ________. A. bony callus formation, hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, and bone remodeling B. hematoma formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling, and fibrocartilaginous callus formation C. bone remodeling, hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, and bony callus formation D. hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling D. hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling Choose the CORRECT pairing. A. osteomalacia: excessive mineralization of the bone B. osteoporosis: increased bone density C. paget's disease: excessive and haphazard bone deposition and resorption D. rickets: deficiency of vitamin A C. paget's disease: excessive and haphazard bone deposition and resorption Hypercalcemia can be caused by_________. A. reduced parafollicular cell activity B. All of the listed responses are correct. C. hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone D. insufficient vitamin D levels in the body C. hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone Hyaline cartilage ________. A. gives shape to the external ear B. is the rarest of the skeletal cartilages C. is found on the ends of bones that form movable joints D. forms "shock-absorbing" pads between the vertebrae C. is found on the ends of bones that form movable joints Which type of cartilage covers and protects the ends of bones at freely moveable joints? A. elastic cartilage B. both hyaline and elastic cartilage C. hyaline cartilage D. fibrocartilage C. hyaline cartilage The axial skeleton includes the ________. A. bones of the legs B. ribs C. bones of the arms D. hip bones B. ribs The main role of the appendicular skeleton is to protect and support vital organs. True or False False Bones do NOT have a role in ________. A. blood cell formation B. fat storage C. movement D. support E. glycogen production E. glycogen production Dense connective tissue forms part of which labeled part of the adult long bone in the figure? A. C B. E C. B D. A E. D A. C Which of the labeled parts of the bone is composed primarily of hyaline cartilage? A. C B. E C. B D. A E. D D. A Which of the labeled parts of the bone is composed primarily of compact bone? A. C B. E C. B D. A E. D E. D Which of the following is the major component of the part of the bone labeled E? A. osseous tissue B. hyaline cartilage C. adipose tissue D. dense connective tissue C. adipose tissue In which of the labeled parts of the adult long bone would hematopoietic tissue be located? A. C B. E C. B D. A E. D C. B The structures in the figure collectively form a structural unit termed a(n) ______. A. diploe B. osteon C. Haversian canal D. trebeculae B. osteon The indicated osteocyte is located within layers of bony matrix termed ______. A. periosteum B. lamellae C. lacuna D. caniculi B. lamellae The indicated blood vessels and nerve are found within a ______. A. caniculus B. Central (Haversian) canal C. marrow cavity D. Perforating (Volkmann's) canal B. Central (Haversian) canal Osteocytes are connected to each other through which structure? A. Volksmann's canal B. lacuna C. caniculi D. Haversian canal C. caniculi What bone-associated structure in panel C is indicated by the arrow? A. osteon B. trabeculae C. periosteum D. epiphyseal plate B. trabeculae In adults, yellow marrow is located ________. A. in the medullary cavity of long bones B. primarily in flat bones C. in the central canals of osteons D. in the epiphyseal plates of long bones A. in the medullary cavity of long bones The osteon is ________. A. the structural unit of compact bone B. a fibrous membrane that covers and protects bone C. the structural unit of spongy bone D. a network of red marrow A. the structural unit of compact bone The epiphyseal plate is ________. A. the long axis of a bone B. where yellow bone marrow is produced C. where long bone lengthening occurs D. the site of red bone marrow production C. where long bone lengthening occurs What is osteoid? A. one of the cell types found in bone B. the inorganic part of the matrix of bone C. the outer surface of bone D. the organic part of the matrix of bone D. the organic part of the matrix of bone Which bone cells form bone? A. osteocytes B. osteoclasts C. chondroblasts D. osteoblasts D. osteoblasts What is the structural unit of compact bone? A. osteoid B. osteon C. haversian canal D. canaliculus B. osteon During bone growth, which event is most significant at the surface indicated by the letter A? A. conversion of cartilage into bone B. expansion of the cartilage matrix C. expansion of articular cartilage D. conversion of bone into cartilage B. expansion of the cartilage matrix During bone growth, which event is most significant at the surface indicated by the letter B? A. cell division of chondrocytes B. formation of compact bone. C. calcification of the cartilage matrix D. conversion of bone into cartilage C. calcification of the cartilage matrix During bone growth, which significant event occurs at the surface indicated by the letter C? A. appositional growth B. bone resorption C. conversion of spongy bone to compact bone D. expansion of the articular cartilage A. appositional growth During bone growth, which significant event occurs at the surface indicated by the letter D? A. bone resorption B. production of hyaline cartilage C. interstitial growth D. production of compact bone A. bone resorption What is endochondral ossification? A. the formation of bone from pre-existing elastic cartilage models B. the formation of bone from fibrous membranes C. the formation of bone from pre-existing hyaline cartilage models D. the formation of bone from pre-existing fibrocartilage models C. the formation of bone from pre-existing hyaline cartilage models Which of the following is UNLIKELY to affect bone remodeling? A. parathyroid hormone B. mechanical stress C. low blood Ca2+ concentration D. glucagon D. glucagon Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children? A. calcitonin B. calcitriol C. thyroid hormones D. parathyroid hormone (PTH) A. calcitonin PTH promotes the formation of which hormone? A. vitamin D B. calcitriol C. thyroid hormones D. calcitonin B. calcitriol